VIETNAM - UNITED STATES COOPERATION IN POST-WAR REMNANT CLEARANCE: THE CASE OF LANDMINES AND UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE (1995-2015)

Among the diverse war legacy issues impacting Vietnam–US relations, addressing the consequences of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) stands as a cornerstone of bilateral cooperation. Since the normalization of diplomatic ties on July 11, 1995, both nations have established common ground through humanitarian-driven initiatives. By implementing concrete measures—ranging from technical survey and clearance operations to victim assistance—this collaboration has achieved substantial progress. These efforts not only mitigate the socio-economic impacts of war remnants but also serve as a vital catalyst for the broader development of the bilateral partnership."